Households in developing countries often have a range of potential sources from which they can collect water. However, many of these are unsafe due to biological or chemical contamination.
This 2013 study looks at whether user fees or tariffs discourage families from using NGO funded water supply systems if there is an alternative, however unsafe. The results of the study suggest that user fees do have an impact and that NGOs including Frank Water should work to provide water supply systems that are free of charge at point of use.
